劉任昌python math random

w3schools學習python math random函式庫

import math #劉任昌 輸入數學函式庫
import random #輸入亂數資料庫
x = math.sqrt(2)
print(x)
#大樂透是49個號碼開出六個
for i in range(6):
   x = random.randint(1,49)
   print("開出的第 " + str(i+1) + " 個號碼: " + str(x))
#str是將數字轉成字串string

w3schools學習python math random截圖

亂數函數主要用在蒙地卡羅模擬分析，用於衍生性金融商品的訂價。

貪吃蛇的python程式

影片

Bro Code程式碼

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfRwxS5d0SI

# 劉任昌2023年5月12日修改自Bro Code YT影片  
from tkinter import *#輸入tkinter繪圖程式庫
import random        #輸入亂數程式庫
GAME_WIDTH = 1000
GAME_HEIGHT = 600
SPEED = 300
SPACE_SIZE = 50
BODY_PARTS = 3              #蛇長度
SNAKE_COLOR = "yellow"     #蛇顏色green
FOOD_COLOR = "white"        #雞蛋顏色白色
BACKGROUND_COLOR = "#000000"#背景黑色
class Snake:                #定義類別Snake
    def __init__(self):
        self.body_size = BODY_PARTS #蛇長度
        self.coordinates = []
        self.squares = []
        for i in range(0, BODY_PARTS):
            self.coordinates.append([0, 0])
        for x, y in self.coordinates:
            square = canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + SPACE_SIZE, y + SPACE_SIZE, fill=SNAKE_COLOR, tag="snake")
            self.squares.append(square)
class Food:                  #定義食物類別
    def __init__(self):      #亂數產生於0至最大寬度
        x = random.randint(0, (GAME_WIDTH / SPACE_SIZE) - 1) * SPACE_SIZE
        y = random.randint(0, (GAME_HEIGHT / SPACE_SIZE) - 1) * SPACE_SIZE
        self.coordinates = [x, y]
        canvas.create_oval(x, y, x + SPACE_SIZE, y + SPACE_SIZE, fill=FOOD_COLOR, tag="food")
        canvas.create_text(x+SPACE_SIZE/2, y+SPACE_SIZE/2, text = score+1, fill='red', font=('Helvetica 30 bold'), anchor='center', tag="scores")  #新加
def next_turn(snake, food):
    x, y = snake.coordinates[0]
    if direction == "up":      #若上指令, y-
        y -= SPACE_SIZE
    elif direction == "down":  #若下指令, y+
        y += SPACE_SIZE
    elif direction == "left":  #若左指令, x-
        x -= SPACE_SIZE
    elif direction == "right": #若右指令, x+
        x += SPACE_SIZE
    snake.coordinates.insert(0, (x, y)) #插入蛇新位置
    square = canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + SPACE_SIZE, y + SPACE_SIZE, fill=SNAKE_COLOR)
    snake.squares.insert(0, square)
    if x == food.coordinates[0] and y == food.coordinates[1]:
        global score
        score += 1
        label.config(text="吞下的雞蛋數目:{}".format(score))
        canvas.delete("food")
        canvas.delete("scores")
        food = Food()
    else:
        del snake.coordinates[-1]        #刪除尾巴
        canvas.delete(snake.squares[-1])
        del snake.squares[-1]
    if check_collisions(snake):
        game_over()
    else:
        window.after(SPEED, next_turn, snake, food)
def change_direction(new_direction):
    global direction               #宣告子函數可改變廣域變數
    if new_direction == 'left':
        if direction != 'right':
            direction = new_direction
    elif new_direction == 'right':
        if direction != 'left':
            direction = new_direction
    elif new_direction == 'up':
        if direction != 'down':
            direction = new_direction
    elif new_direction == 'down':
        if direction != 'up':
            direction = new_direction
def check_collisions(snake):
    x, y = snake.coordinates[0]
    if x < 0 or x >= GAME_WIDTH:
        return True
    elif y < 0 or y >= GAME_HEIGHT:
        return True
    for body_part in snake.coordinates[1:]:
        if x == body_part[0] and y == body_part[1]:
            return True
    return False
def game_over():
    canvas.delete(ALL)
    canvas.create_text(canvas.winfo_width()/2, canvas.winfo_height()/2,
                       font=('consolas',70), text="你死了！", fill="red", tag="gameover")
window = Tk()                #主程式, 建構視窗,過去用tk=Tk()
window.title("劉任昌改寫蛇吃蛋遊戲")
window.resizable(False, False)
score = 0
direction = 'down'           #預設往下
label = Label(window, text="吞下的雞蛋數目:{}".format(score), font=('consolas', 40))
label.pack()
canvas = Canvas(window, bg=BACKGROUND_COLOR, height=GAME_HEIGHT, width=GAME_WIDTH)
canvas.pack()
window.update()
window_width = window.winfo_width()
window_height = window.winfo_height()
screen_width = window.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height = window.winfo_screenheight()
x = int((screen_width/2) - (window_width/2))
y = int((screen_height/2) - (window_height/2))
window.geometry(f"{window_width}x{window_height}+{x}+{y}")
window.bind('', lambda event: change_direction('left')) #參考w3schools lambda
window.bind('', lambda event: change_direction('right'))
window.bind('', lambda event: change_direction('up'))
window.bind('', lambda event: change_direction('down'))
snake = Snake()   #從 Snake類別 建構蛇 實例instance
food = Food()
next_turn(snake, food)
window.mainloop()